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Space Shuttle Era

The closing chapter of NASA’s Space Shuttle program, including the launches of STS-133 and STS-135 and detailed studies of the orbiters that defined an era.

NASA’s Space Shuttle Discovery (OV-103) dramatically lifts off from Launch Pad 39A at Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on February 24, 2011.
NASA’s Space Shuttle Discovery (OV-103) dramatically lifts off from Launch Pad 39A at Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on February 24, 2011. A crowd of spectators and photographers watch from the NASA Causeway, next to the digital countdown clock showing +00 HOUR, as Discovery begins its 39th and final mission. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
NASA’s Space Shuttle Discovery (OV-103) sits illuminated on Launch Pad 39A at Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on the eve of its final mission, STS-133, to the International Space Station.
NASA’s Space Shuttle Discovery (OV-103) sits illuminated on Launch Pad 39A at Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on the eve of its final mission, STS-133, to the International Space Station. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
Astronauts Commander Steve Lindsey leading the STS-133 crew in their orange Advanced Crew Escape Suits (ACES) as they walk out to the iconic NASA Astrovan outside the Operations and Checkout Building at Kennedy Space.
Astronauts Commander Steve Lindsey leading the STS-133 crew in their orange Advanced Crew Escape Suits (ACES) as they walk out to the iconic NASA Astrovan outside the Operations and Checkout Building at Kennedy Space Center, Florida. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
A tight telephoto detail shot of the aft section of Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) sitting on the Mobile Launcher Platform at Launch Pad 39A on July 7, 2011.
A tight telephoto detail shot of the aft section of Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) sitting on the Mobile Launcher Platform at Launch Pad 39A on July 7, 2011. Pad workers standing on the access railings near the base put the immense scale of the orbiter's wings, NASA logo, and Space Shuttle Main Engines (SSMEs) into breathtaking perspective on the eve of the final mission, STS-135. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
A dramatic vertical telephoto capture of Space Shuttle Discovery (OV-103) riding its twin Solid Rocket Boosters into the blue sky during the launch of STS-133 on February 24, 2011.
A dramatic vertical telephoto capture of Space Shuttle Discovery (OV-103) riding its twin Solid Rocket Boosters into the blue sky during the launch of STS-133 on February 24, 2011. The distinct repair patches on the orange External Tank are clearly visible as the spacecraft rockets toward the International Space Station. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) punches through overcast Florida skies on a massive column of flame during its final liftoff on July 8, 2011.
Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) punches through overcast Florida skies on a massive column of flame during its final liftoff on July 8, 2011. Captured from the Press Site at Kennedy Space Center, this shot captures the moment millions of pounds of thrust produced the iconic, ear-splitting crackle and ground-shaking roar of the twin Solid Rocket Boosters, marking the historic 135th and final mission of NASA's Space Shuttle Program. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
A high-resolution photograph capturing the forward nose section of Space Shuttle Discovery (OV-103) during its outdoor transfer ceremony at the Smithsonian's Steven F.
A high-resolution photograph capturing the forward nose section of Space Shuttle Discovery (OV-103) during its outdoor transfer ceremony at the Smithsonian's Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center in April 2012. The shot perfectly frames the cockpit flight deck windows, orbiter nameplate, star tracker door, and the intricate patchwork of flight-worn thermal insulation tiles and blankets. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) begins its vertical climb and clears the launch tower at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center on July 8, 2011, at 11:29 a.m.
Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) begins its vertical climb and clears the launch tower at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center on July 8, 2011, at 11:29 a.m. EDT. Captured over the treeline, this historic shot shows the shuttle ascending on a pillar of fiery exhaust during STS-135—the final mission of the Space Shuttle Program. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
A telephoto detail shot showing the full length of the Orbiter Access Arm (OAA) and White Room extended from Pad 39A's launch tower to the crew hatch of Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) on July 7, 2011.
A telephoto detail shot showing the full length of the Orbiter Access Arm (OAA) and White Room extended from Pad 39A's launch tower to the crew hatch of Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) on July 7, 2011. This walkway was the final path taken by the STS-135 crew to board the orbiter for the 135th and final flight of NASA's Space Shuttle Program. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
An up-close look at the nose and cockpit windshield of Space Shuttle Atlantis on display at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex in Florida.
An up-close look at the nose and cockpit windshield of Space Shuttle Atlantis on display at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex in Florida. The detailed shot highlights the spacecraft's thermal protection insulation blankets, heat-shield tiles, and RCS thruster pods showing real wear from spaceflight. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
The iconic blue Space Shuttle countdown sign reading "1 Days to Launch" along the NASA Causeway at Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on the eve of Space Shuttle Discovery’s STS-133 launch.
The iconic blue Space Shuttle countdown sign reading "1 Days to Launch" along the NASA Causeway at Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on the eve of Space Shuttle Discovery’s STS-133 launch. The historic Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) is visible in the background. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
A wide horizontal view of Launch Pad 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center on July 7, 2011, featured behind a perimeter fence decorated with a "Space Flight Awareness - GO ATLANTIS!" banner.
A wide horizontal view of Launch Pad 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center on July 7, 2011, featured behind a perimeter fence decorated with a "Space Flight Awareness - GO ATLANTIS!" banner. Framed against dramatic, building thunderheads, Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) stands fully exposed on the eve of the 135th and final flight of the Space Shuttle Program. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
A high-resolution telephoto photograph of Space Shuttle Enterprise’s cockpit flight deck section.
A high-resolution telephoto photograph of Space Shuttle Enterprise’s cockpit flight deck section. Taken outdoors during the shuttle transfer ceremony at the Smithsonian's Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center in April 2012, this shot clearly shows the "EJECTION PANEL" decal used during the 1977 Approach and Landing Tests (ALT), distinct red window seals, and pristine thermal tile layout. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
Journalists, photographers, and news crews gather along the perimeter fence at Launch Pad 39A to view Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) on July 7, 2011, the eve of STS-135.
Journalists, photographers, and news crews gather along the perimeter fence at Launch Pad 39A to view Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) on July 7, 2011, the eve of STS-135. Framed by a "GO ATLANTIS!" banner and a crowd of media—including a photographer snapping a photo with an Angry Birds plushie—this behind-the-scenes shot captures the excitement ahead of NASA's final space shuttle launch. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
A dramatic three-quarter close-up photograph capturing the iconic nose section of Space Shuttle Discovery (OV-103).
A dramatic three-quarter close-up photograph capturing the iconic nose section of Space Shuttle Discovery (OV-103). Taken outdoors during its official transfer ceremony to the Smithsonian's Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center in April 2012, this shot reveals the full cockpit windshield, forward RCS thruster nozzles, RCC nose cap, star tracker ports, and orbiter nameplate set against a natural wooded backdrop. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
A sweeping side-profile photo of Space Shuttle Discovery displayed inside the James S.
A sweeping side-profile photo of Space Shuttle Discovery displayed inside the James S. McDonnell Space Hangar at the Smithsonian’s Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center in Chantilly, Virginia. Natural sunlight streaming through the open hangar doors illuminates the wing elevons, "Discovery" markings, and flight-singed thermal protection insulation on NASA’s most-flown spacecraft following its retirement ceremony in April 2012. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
A dramatic vertical capture showing the massive exhaust plume of Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) casting a striking, dark shadow onto the overcast cloud deck above.
A dramatic vertical capture showing the massive exhaust plume of Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) casting a striking, dark shadow onto the overcast cloud deck above. Taken during the final Space Shuttle launch on July 8, 2011, this rare optical phenomenon occurs as the dense, three-dimensional column of smoke blocks ambient sunlight, projecting a shadow straight through the surrounding cloud layer. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
Riding a massive column of exhaust and fire, NASA’s Space Shuttle Discovery (OV-103) climbs high into the clear blue Florida sky following liftoff from Kennedy Space Center on its historic final mission, STS-133.
Riding a massive column of exhaust and fire, NASA’s Space Shuttle Discovery (OV-103) climbs high into the clear blue Florida sky following liftoff from Kennedy Space Center on its historic final mission, STS-133. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
A horizontal telephoto view of Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) on Launch Pad 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center on July 7, 2011.
A horizontal telephoto view of Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) on Launch Pad 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center on July 7, 2011. Framed by the Fixed Service Structure and the flying U.S. and STS-135 flags, the vehicle sits fully exposed on the eve of the final launch of NASA's 30-year Space Shuttle Program. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
A photo capturing the exact moment of Solid Rocket Booster (SRB) separation during the launch of Space Shuttle Discovery (STS-133) on February 24, 2011.
A photo capturing the exact moment of Solid Rocket Booster (SRB) separation during the launch of Space Shuttle Discovery (STS-133) on February 24, 2011. At the moment the twin boosters peeled away in their signature "V" formation, the shuttle was traveling at approximately 3,000 mph (Mach 4.5), sitting at an altitude of 28 miles (146,000 feet), and already over 30 miles downrange over the Atlantic Ocean. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
A tight vertical telephoto capture of Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) standing on Launch Pad 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center on July 7, 2011, the day before launch.
A tight vertical telephoto capture of Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) standing on Launch Pad 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center on July 7, 2011, the day before launch. STS-135 marked the 135th and final flight of the 30-year Space Shuttle Program. The Gaseous Oxygen Vent Arm ("beanie cap") and Orbiter Access Arm are extended toward the vehicle under overcast Florida skies. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
A high-resolution side-profile photograph of Space Shuttle Enterprise (OV-101) sitting outdoors at the Smithsonian's Steven F.
A high-resolution side-profile photograph of Space Shuttle Enterprise (OV-101) sitting outdoors at the Smithsonian's Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center in April 2012. Taken during the historic ceremony transferring the display site to Space Shuttle Discovery, the image highlights Enterprise's non-functional forward RCS thruster covers, emergency rescue markings, and cockpit windows against a spring forest backdrop. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) stands fully revealed on Launch Pad 39A as dark, dramatic storm clouds gather over NASA’s Kennedy Space Center on July 7, 2011.
Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) stands fully revealed on Launch Pad 39A as dark, dramatic storm clouds gather over NASA’s Kennedy Space Center on July 7, 2011. This striking portrait captures the orbiter, External Tank, and Solid Rocket Boosters on the eve of STS-135—the historic final launch of the 30-year Space Shuttle Program. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
A candid profile view of legendary NASA astronaut and former Kennedy Space Center Director Robert "Bob" Crippen smiling while speaking with attendees ahead of the final space shuttle launch (STS-135) on July 8, 2011.
A candid profile view of legendary NASA astronaut and former Kennedy Space Center Director Robert "Bob" Crippen smiling while speaking with attendees ahead of the final space shuttle launch (STS-135) on July 8, 2011. Crippen, who piloted Columbia on STS-1 in 1981, attended the final launch event to commemorate the conclusion of the 30-year Space Shuttle Program. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
A high-resolution close-up photograph capturing Space Shuttle Discovery’s cockpit windows alongside its iconic nameplate.
A high-resolution close-up photograph capturing Space Shuttle Discovery’s cockpit windows alongside its iconic nameplate. Photographed outdoors during its official transfer ceremony to the Smithsonian’s Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center in April 2012, the image details the intricate thermal protection system tiles, insulation blankets, and authentic re-entry soot of NASA's fleet leader. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
A towering vertical view of Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) riding a massive column of exhaust smoke and fire as it climbs toward the cloud cover on July 8, 2011.
A towering vertical view of Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) riding a massive column of exhaust smoke and fire as it climbs toward the cloud cover on July 8, 2011. Captured over the water and treeline at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center, this dramatic shot marks the final launch of the 30-year Space Shuttle Program. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
A crisp close-up shot of NASA's Robonaut 2 (R2) helmet displaying a sharp reflection of the press site grounds, media setup, and photographer Mike Lynaugh in its gold-tinted visor.
A crisp close-up shot of NASA's Robonaut 2 (R2) helmet displaying a sharp reflection of the press site grounds, media setup, and photographer Mike Lynaugh in its gold-tinted visor. Taken at Kennedy Space Center prior to R2's historic launch to the International Space Station aboard Space Shuttle Discovery (STS-133) in February 2011. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
A dramatic close-up of Space Shuttle Discovery’s vertical stabilizer, aft Reaction Control System (RCS) thrusters, and thermal insulation blankets at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum’s Steven F.
A dramatic close-up of Space Shuttle Discovery’s vertical stabilizer, aft Reaction Control System (RCS) thrusters, and thermal insulation blankets at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum’s Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center. Lit by natural light from the open hangar doors following its official transfer ceremony in April 2012, this shot showcases the real, flight-worn patina of NASA’s most-flown orbiter. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
A dramatic vertical perspective of the massive exhaust plume left by Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) during its final launch from Kennedy Space Center on July 8, 2011.
A dramatic vertical perspective of the massive exhaust plume left by Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) during its final launch from Kennedy Space Center on July 8, 2011. While the towering smoke column dominates the frame, the tiny silhouette of the entire Pad 39A launch structure is visible in the bottom-right corner, providing a stark sense of the enormous power and scale of a space shuttle liftoff. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
A Space Flight Awareness "ATLANTIS" flag flies at Kennedy Space Center with the iconic, massive NASA "Meatball" logo on the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) blurred in the background.
A Space Flight Awareness "ATLANTIS" flag flies at Kennedy Space Center with the iconic, massive NASA "Meatball" logo on the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) blurred in the background. Taken during the final mission of the Space Shuttle Program (STS-135) in July 2011, this symbolic frame honors the legacy of Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104). © Mike Lynaugh Photography
Riding a massive column of exhaust and fire, NASA’s Space Shuttle Discovery (OV-103) climbs high into the clear blue Florida sky following liftoff from Kennedy Space Center on its historic final mission, STS-133.
Riding a massive column of exhaust and fire, NASA’s Space Shuttle Discovery (OV-103) climbs high into the clear blue Florida sky following liftoff from Kennedy Space Center on its historic final mission, STS-133. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
A detailed vertical view of the crew ingress/egress hatch on NASA’s Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104), showing the yellow emergency rescue arrow, window port, and thermal protection insulation blankets displaying real.
A detailed vertical view of the crew ingress/egress hatch on NASA’s Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104), showing the yellow emergency rescue arrow, window port, and thermal protection insulation blankets displaying real re-entry heat wear at Kennedy Space Center. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
A dramatic low-angle view of the fully restored flight-certified External Tank (ET-94) and twin Solid Rocket Boosters mounted vertically outside the Gateway: The Deep Space Launch Complex at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center.
A dramatic low-angle view of the fully restored flight-certified External Tank (ET-94) and twin Solid Rocket Boosters mounted vertically outside the Gateway: The Deep Space Launch Complex at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex in Florida. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
NASA’s Space Shuttle Discovery (OV-103) clears the fixed service tower at Launch Pad 39A seconds after liftoff from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on February 24, 2011, marking the beginning of its final mission.
NASA’s Space Shuttle Discovery (OV-103) clears the fixed service tower at Launch Pad 39A seconds after liftoff from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on February 24, 2011, marking the beginning of its final mission, STS-133. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
Massive plumes of exhaust steam expand on either side of Launch Pad 39A as Space Shuttle Discovery (OV-103) ignites its engines for liftoff on its historic 39th and final spaceflight, STS-133, on February 24, 2011.
Massive plumes of exhaust steam expand on either side of Launch Pad 39A as Space Shuttle Discovery (OV-103) ignites its engines for liftoff on its historic 39th and final spaceflight, STS-133, on February 24, 2011. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
NASA’s Space Shuttle Discovery (OV-103) clears the fixed service tower at Launch Pad 39A seconds after liftoff from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on February 24, 2011, marking the beginning of its final mission.
NASA’s Space Shuttle Discovery (OV-103) clears the fixed service tower at Launch Pad 39A seconds after liftoff from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on February 24, 2011, marking the beginning of its final mission, STS-133. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
A tight telephoto detail shot of the nose cone and flight deck windows of Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) on Launch Pad 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center on July 7, 2011.
A tight telephoto detail shot of the nose cone and flight deck windows of Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) on Launch Pad 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center on July 7, 2011. The White Room, extended via the Orbiter Access Arm to the crew hatch, stands ready on the eve of STS-135—the historic final flight of NASA's Space Shuttle Program. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
Legendary NASA astronaut Robert "Bob" Crippen addresses media during a Q&A session at Kennedy Space Center prior to the final Space Shuttle launch (STS-135) on July 8, 2011.
Legendary NASA astronaut Robert "Bob" Crippen addresses media during a Q&A session at Kennedy Space Center prior to the final Space Shuttle launch (STS-135) on July 8, 2011. Crippen piloted the inaugural shuttle flight, STS-1 Columbia, in April 1981, bringing the 30-year Space Shuttle Program full circle as he helped send off Atlantis on its historic final voyage. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
The iconic NASA Astrovan—a modified 1983 Airstream Excella—carries the four STS-135 astronauts to Launch Pad 39A at Kennedy Space Center on July 8, 2011.
The iconic NASA Astrovan—a modified 1983 Airstream Excella—carries the four STS-135 astronauts to Launch Pad 39A at Kennedy Space Center on July 8, 2011. Escorted by security and rescue vehicles, Commander Chris Ferguson, Pilot Doug Hurley, and Mission Specialists Sandy Magnus and Rex Walheim ride the Astrovan one last time prior to the historic final space shuttle launch. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
A dramatic vertical telephoto photo capturing the brilliant, fiery glow of Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) as it pierces through the heavy cloud ceiling over NASA’s Kennedy Space Center on July 8, 2011.
A dramatic vertical telephoto photo capturing the brilliant, fiery glow of Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) as it pierces through the heavy cloud ceiling over NASA’s Kennedy Space Center on July 8, 2011. This final visual moment marked the end of an era, sending STS-135 into orbit on the final mission of the Space Shuttle Program. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
A high-detail, outdoor close-up photograph of Space Shuttle Discovery’s cockpit windows and forward fuselage, featuring its iconic nameplate, star tracker port, and flight-singed thermal insulation blankets.
A high-detail, outdoor close-up photograph of Space Shuttle Discovery’s cockpit windows and forward fuselage, featuring its iconic nameplate, star tracker port, and flight-singed thermal insulation blankets. Taken during the official welcome ceremony at the Smithsonian’s Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center in April 2012 before the orbiter was rolled inside its permanent museum display. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) begins its vertical climb and clears the launch tower at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center on July 8, 2011, at 11:29 a.m.
Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) begins its vertical climb and clears the launch tower at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center on July 8, 2011, at 11:29 a.m. EDT. Captured over the treeline, this historic shot shows the shuttle ascending on a pillar of fiery exhaust during STS-135—the final mission of the Space Shuttle Program. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
Visitors observe the full-scale Space Shuttle replica, Explorer, mounted on concrete pilings at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex in Florida.
Visitors observe the full-scale Space Shuttle replica, Explorer, mounted on concrete pilings at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex in Florida. Displayed at KSC from 1993 to 2011, this high-fidelity mockup was later relocated to Space Center Houston and renamed Independence. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
NASA’s Space Shuttle Discovery (OV-103) dramatically lifts off from Launch Pad 39A at Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on February 24, 2011.
NASA’s Space Shuttle Discovery (OV-103) dramatically lifts off from Launch Pad 39A at Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on February 24, 2011. A crowd of spectators and photographers watch from the NASA Causeway, next to the digital countdown clock showing +00 HOUR, as Discovery begins its 39th and final mission. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
NASA’s Space Shuttle Discovery (OV-103) sits illuminated on Launch Pad 39A at Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on the eve of its final mission, STS-133, to the International Space Station.
NASA’s Space Shuttle Discovery (OV-103) sits illuminated on Launch Pad 39A at Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on the eve of its final mission, STS-133, to the International Space Station. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
Astronauts Commander Steve Lindsey leading the STS-133 crew in their orange Advanced Crew Escape Suits (ACES) as they walk out to the iconic NASA Astrovan outside the Operations and Checkout Building at Kennedy Space.
Astronauts Commander Steve Lindsey leading the STS-133 crew in their orange Advanced Crew Escape Suits (ACES) as they walk out to the iconic NASA Astrovan outside the Operations and Checkout Building at Kennedy Space Center, Florida. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
Detail photo of the full-scale Space Shuttle replica, Explorer, mounted on concrete pilings at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex in Florida.
Detail photo of the full-scale Space Shuttle replica, Explorer, mounted on concrete pilings at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex in Florida. Displayed at KSC from 1993 to 2011, this high-fidelity mockup was later relocated to Space Center Houston and renamed Independence. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
A high-angle detail shot of the iconic blue NASA "Meatball" logo on the port wing of Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104), surrounded by thermal protection blankets and elevon tiles marked with "NO STEP" warnings at Kennedy.
A high-angle detail shot of the iconic blue NASA "Meatball" logo on the port wing of Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104), surrounded by thermal protection blankets and elevon tiles marked with "NO STEP" warnings at Kennedy Space Center. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
Riding a massive column of exhaust and fire, NASA’s Space Shuttle Discovery (OV-103) climbs high into the clear blue Florida sky following liftoff from Kennedy Space Center on its historic final mission, STS-133.
Riding a massive column of exhaust and fire, NASA’s Space Shuttle Discovery (OV-103) climbs high into the clear blue Florida sky following liftoff from Kennedy Space Center on its historic final mission, STS-133. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
A tight telephoto detail shot of the nose cone and flight deck windows of Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) on Launch Pad 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center on July 7, 2011.
A tight telephoto detail shot of the nose cone and flight deck windows of Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) on Launch Pad 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center on July 7, 2011. The White Room, extended via the Orbiter Access Arm to the crew hatch, stands ready on the eve of STS-135—the historic final flight of NASA's Space Shuttle Program. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
The American flag and the STS-135 mission flag fly in the foreground as Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) stands ready on Launch Pad 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center on July 7, 2011.
The American flag and the STS-135 mission flag fly in the foreground as Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) stands ready on Launch Pad 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center on July 7, 2011. This powerful vertical shot captures the quiet anticipation on the eve of the 135th and final flight of the 30-year Space Shuttle Program. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) soars completely clear of the Pad 39A launch structure at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center during its historic final liftoff on July 8, 2011.
Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) soars completely clear of the Pad 39A launch structure at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center during its historic final liftoff on July 8, 2011. Propelled by over 6.8 million pounds of thrust from its twin Solid Rocket Boosters and main engines, Atlantis ascends into gloomy Florida skies to begin STS-135, closing out 30 years of American space shuttle history. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
A poignant shot taken along NASA Causeway at Kennedy Space Center shortly after the launch of STS-135 on July 8, 2011.
A poignant shot taken along NASA Causeway at Kennedy Space Center shortly after the launch of STS-135 on July 8, 2011. The iconic roadside sign reads "12 Days to Landing"—marking the final mission countdown for Space Shuttle Atlantis and the conclusion of the 30-year Space Shuttle Program, with the massive Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) standing in the background. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
A spectacular wide-vertical view of the exhaust column left behind by Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) following its final launch on July 8, 2011.
A spectacular wide-vertical view of the exhaust column left behind by Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) following its final launch on July 8, 2011. As the orbiter climbed above the clouds, its dense exhaust plume cast a striking, dark linear shadow across the cloud deck above. Captured live from the NASA Press Site at Kennedy Space Center. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
Space Shuttle Discovery (OV-103) creates a towering smoke trail as it accelerates high into the atmosphere following liftoff from NASA’s Kennedy Space Center on February 24, 2011, during its final mission, STS-133.
Space Shuttle Discovery (OV-103) creates a towering smoke trail as it accelerates high into the atmosphere following liftoff from NASA’s Kennedy Space Center on February 24, 2011, during its final mission, STS-133. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) sits fully revealed on Launch Pad 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center on July 7, 2011, the eve of its historic liftoff.
Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) sits fully revealed on Launch Pad 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center on July 7, 2011, the eve of its historic liftoff. STS-135 marked the 135th and final flight of NASA's 30-year Space Shuttle Program. Overcast skies frame the pad following the rollback of the Rotating Service Structure. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
An up-close look at the nose and cockpit windshield of Space Shuttle Atlantis on display at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex in Florida.
An up-close look at the nose and cockpit windshield of Space Shuttle Atlantis on display at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex in Florida. The detailed shot highlights the spacecraft's thermal protection insulation blankets, heat-shield tiles, and RCS thruster pods showing real wear from spaceflight. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
A dramatic low-angle view of the fully restored flight-certified External Tank (ET-94) and twin Solid Rocket Boosters mounted vertically outside the Gateway: The Deep Space Launch Complex at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center.
A dramatic low-angle view of the fully restored flight-certified External Tank (ET-94) and twin Solid Rocket Boosters mounted vertically outside the Gateway: The Deep Space Launch Complex at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex in Florida. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
Massive plumes of exhaust steam expand on either side of Launch Pad 39A as Space Shuttle Discovery (OV-103) ignites its engines for liftoff on its historic 39th and final spaceflight, STS-133, on February 24, 2011.
Massive plumes of exhaust steam expand on either side of Launch Pad 39A as Space Shuttle Discovery (OV-103) ignites its engines for liftoff on its historic 39th and final spaceflight, STS-133, on February 24, 2011. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
Detail photo of the full-scale Space Shuttle replica, Explorer, mounted on concrete pilings at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex in Florida.
Detail photo of the full-scale Space Shuttle replica, Explorer, mounted on concrete pilings at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex in Florida. Displayed at KSC from 1993 to 2011, this high-fidelity mockup was later relocated to Space Center Houston and renamed Independence. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
NASA’s Space Shuttle Discovery (OV-103) sits illuminated on Launch Pad 39A at Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on the eve of its final mission, STS-133, to the International Space Station.
NASA’s Space Shuttle Discovery (OV-103) sits illuminated on Launch Pad 39A at Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on the eve of its final mission, STS-133, to the International Space Station. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
NASA’s Space Shuttle Discovery (OV-103) dramatically lifts off from Launch Pad 39A at Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on February 24, 2011.
NASA’s Space Shuttle Discovery (OV-103) dramatically lifts off from Launch Pad 39A at Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on February 24, 2011. A crowd of spectators and photographers watch from the NASA Causeway, next to the digital countdown clock showing +00 HOUR, as Discovery begins its 39th and final mission. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
A massive Mobile Launcher Platform (MLP) parked on support pedestals at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center, Florida.
A massive Mobile Launcher Platform (MLP) parked on support pedestals at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center, Florida. The two tail service masts and exhaust flame openings are clearly visible on top of the steel structure used to support and transport the Space Shuttle. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
An up-close look at the nose and cockpit windshield of Space Shuttle Atlantis on display at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex in Florida.
An up-close look at the nose and cockpit windshield of Space Shuttle Atlantis on display at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex in Florida. The detailed shot highlights the spacecraft's thermal protection insulation blankets, heat-shield tiles, and RCS thruster pods showing real wear from spaceflight. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
A tight vertical telephoto capture of Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) standing on Launch Pad 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center on July 7, 2011, the day before launch.
A tight vertical telephoto capture of Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) standing on Launch Pad 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center on July 7, 2011, the day before launch. STS-135 marked the 135th and final flight of the 30-year Space Shuttle Program. The Gaseous Oxygen Vent Arm ("beanie cap") and Orbiter Access Arm are extended toward the vehicle under overcast Florida skies. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
A wide horizontal view of Launch Pad 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center on July 7, 2011, featured behind a perimeter fence decorated with a "Space Flight Awareness - GO ATLANTIS!" banner.
A wide horizontal view of Launch Pad 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center on July 7, 2011, featured behind a perimeter fence decorated with a "Space Flight Awareness - GO ATLANTIS!" banner. Framed against dramatic, building thunderheads, Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) stands fully exposed on the eve of the 135th and final flight of the Space Shuttle Program. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
An incredible macro-telephoto shot capturing the pilot and commander flight deck windows of Space Shuttle Discovery during its outdoor transfer ceremony at the Smithsonian's Udvar-Hazy Center in April 2012.
An incredible macro-telephoto shot capturing the pilot and commander flight deck windows of Space Shuttle Discovery during its outdoor transfer ceremony at the Smithsonian's Udvar-Hazy Center in April 2012. The photo reveals serial numbers printed on the individual white thermal protection tiles, heavy-duty window frame retainers, and the flight-worn glass of NASA's most historic orbiter. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
Massive plumes of exhaust steam expand on either side of Launch Pad 39A as Space Shuttle Discovery (OV-103) ignites its engines for liftoff on its historic 39th and final spaceflight, STS-133, on February 24, 2011.
Massive plumes of exhaust steam expand on either side of Launch Pad 39A as Space Shuttle Discovery (OV-103) ignites its engines for liftoff on its historic 39th and final spaceflight, STS-133, on February 24, 2011. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
A striking profile view of NASA’s Robonaut 2 (R2) framed against the massive NASA Meatball logo on the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB).
A striking profile view of NASA’s Robonaut 2 (R2) framed against the massive NASA Meatball logo on the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB). Developed jointly by NASA and General Motors, R2 was launched to the International Space Station aboard Space Shuttle Discovery on mission STS-133 in February 2011, becoming the first humanoid robot in space. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
A wide-angle view from the Pad 39A viewing perimeter shows media, photographers, and news crews lined up with tripods to photograph Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) on July 7, 2011.
A wide-angle view from the Pad 39A viewing perimeter shows media, photographers, and news crews lined up with tripods to photograph Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) on July 7, 2011. Framed by the water tower and launch structure under overcast skies, this scene captures the atmosphere at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center on the eve of the final shuttle mission. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
NASA management officials Mike Moses, Bill Gerstenmaier, and Shuttle Launch Director Mike Leinbach speak to reporters during the post-launch press conference following the successful liftoff of Space Shuttle Discovery.
NASA management officials Mike Moses, Bill Gerstenmaier, and Shuttle Launch Director Mike Leinbach speak to reporters during the post-launch press conference following the successful liftoff of Space Shuttle Discovery (STS-133) at Kennedy Space Center, Florida. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
A tight telephoto detail shot showing the Gaseous Oxygen Vent Arm and its iconic "beanie cap" hood positioned over the top of the External Tank on Launch Pad 39A at Kennedy Space Center.
A tight telephoto detail shot showing the Gaseous Oxygen Vent Arm and its iconic "beanie cap" hood positioned over the top of the External Tank on Launch Pad 39A at Kennedy Space Center. Captured on July 7, 2011, the day before NASA’s final Space Shuttle mission, STS-135. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
A large pressurized Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM) undergoes processing inside the Space Station Processing Facility (SSPF) cleanroom at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center, Florida, in June 2005 prior to its launch to.
A large pressurized Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM) undergoes processing inside the Space Station Processing Facility (SSPF) cleanroom at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center, Florida, in June 2005 prior to its launch to the International Space Station. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
Massive plumes of exhaust steam expand on either side of Launch Pad 39A as Space Shuttle Discovery (OV-103) ignites its engines for liftoff on its historic 39th and final spaceflight, STS-133, on February 24, 2011.
Massive plumes of exhaust steam expand on either side of Launch Pad 39A as Space Shuttle Discovery (OV-103) ignites its engines for liftoff on its historic 39th and final spaceflight, STS-133, on February 24, 2011. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
A telephoto detail shot showing the full length of the Orbiter Access Arm (OAA) and White Room extended from Pad 39A's launch tower to the crew hatch of Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) on July 7, 2011.
A telephoto detail shot showing the full length of the Orbiter Access Arm (OAA) and White Room extended from Pad 39A's launch tower to the crew hatch of Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) on July 7, 2011. This walkway was the final path taken by the STS-135 crew to board the orbiter for the 135th and final flight of NASA's Space Shuttle Program. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
A telephoto capture showing aerodynamic condensation clouds forming over the nose cones of the Solid Rocket Boosters on Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104).
A telephoto capture showing aerodynamic condensation clouds forming over the nose cones of the Solid Rocket Boosters on Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104). Pushing through Florida’s humid skies on July 8, 2011, Atlantis leaves a massive column of smoke behind during the final launch of NASA’s Space Shuttle Program. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
A full-scale Space Shuttle propulsion display featuring the flight-certified External Tank (ET-94) and twin Solid Rocket Boosters (SRBs) on horizontal display at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex in Florida, June.
A full-scale Space Shuttle propulsion display featuring the flight-certified External Tank (ET-94) and twin Solid Rocket Boosters (SRBs) on horizontal display at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex in Florida, June 2005. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
Riding a massive column of exhaust and fire, NASA’s Space Shuttle Discovery (OV-103) climbs high into the clear blue Florida sky following liftoff from Kennedy Space Center on its historic final mission, STS-133.
Riding a massive column of exhaust and fire, NASA’s Space Shuttle Discovery (OV-103) climbs high into the clear blue Florida sky following liftoff from Kennedy Space Center on its historic final mission, STS-133. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) stands fully revealed on Launch Pad 39A as dark, dramatic storm clouds gather over NASA’s Kennedy Space Center on July 7, 2011.
Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) stands fully revealed on Launch Pad 39A as dark, dramatic storm clouds gather over NASA’s Kennedy Space Center on July 7, 2011. This striking portrait captures the orbiter, External Tank, and Solid Rocket Boosters on the eve of STS-135—the historic final launch of the 30-year Space Shuttle Program. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) punches through overcast Florida skies on a massive column of flame during its final liftoff on July 8, 2011.
Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) punches through overcast Florida skies on a massive column of flame during its final liftoff on July 8, 2011. Captured from the Press Site at Kennedy Space Center, this shot captures the moment millions of pounds of thrust produced the iconic, ear-splitting crackle and ground-shaking roar of the twin Solid Rocket Boosters, marking the historic 135th and final mission of NASA's Space Shuttle Program. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
A crisp vertical photograph of the official STS-133 mission banner hanging on a lamppost against a clear blue sky at NASA's Kennedy Space Center.
A crisp vertical photograph of the official STS-133 mission banner hanging on a lamppost against a clear blue sky at NASA's Kennedy Space Center. The banner showcases the mission patch for Space Shuttle Discovery's final spaceflight in February 2011, listing crew members Steve Lindsey, Eric Boe, Nicole Stott, Michael Barratt, Alvin Drew, and Tim Kopra. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
A towering vertical view of Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) riding a massive column of exhaust smoke and fire as it climbs toward the cloud cover on July 8, 2011.
A towering vertical view of Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) riding a massive column of exhaust smoke and fire as it climbs toward the cloud cover on July 8, 2011. Captured over the water and treeline at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center, this dramatic shot marks the final launch of the 30-year Space Shuttle Program. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
A tight vertical telephoto capture of Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) standing on Launch Pad 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center on July 7, 2011, the day before launch.
A tight vertical telephoto capture of Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) standing on Launch Pad 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center on July 7, 2011, the day before launch. STS-135 marked the 135th and final flight of the 30-year Space Shuttle Program. The Gaseous Oxygen Vent Arm ("beanie cap") and Orbiter Access Arm are extended toward the vehicle under overcast Florida skies. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
Journalists and photographers gather along the lawn near the famous Countdown Clock at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center Press Site to witness Space Shuttle Discovery (OV-103) soar to orbit on its final mission, STS-133.
Journalists and photographers gather along the lawn near the famous Countdown Clock at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center Press Site to witness Space Shuttle Discovery (OV-103) soar to orbit on its final mission, STS-133, leaving a massive, corkscrewing smoke trail across the sky on February 24, 2011. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
Pressurized Multi-Purpose Logistics Modules (MPLM) undergoes processing inside the Space Station Processing Facility (SSPF) cleanroom at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center, Florida, in June 2005 prior to its launch to the.
Pressurized Multi-Purpose Logistics Modules (MPLM) undergoes processing inside the Space Station Processing Facility (SSPF) cleanroom at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center, Florida, in June 2005 prior to its launch to the International Space Station. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
The American flag and the STS-135 mission flag fly in the foreground as Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) stands ready on Launch Pad 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center on July 7, 2011.
The American flag and the STS-135 mission flag fly in the foreground as Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) stands ready on Launch Pad 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center on July 7, 2011. This powerful vertical shot captures the quiet anticipation on the eve of the 135th and final flight of the 30-year Space Shuttle Program. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
A banner reading "GO DISCOVERY!" hangs on the security gate outside Launch Pad 39B at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center, Florida, in June 2005 as the pad awaits the arrival of Space Shuttle Discovery for the historic STS-114.
A banner reading "GO DISCOVERY!" hangs on the security gate outside Launch Pad 39B at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center, Florida, in June 2005 as the pad awaits the arrival of Space Shuttle Discovery for the historic STS-114 "Return to Flight" mission. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
A tight telephoto detail shot of the aft section of Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) sitting on the Mobile Launcher Platform at Launch Pad 39A on July 7, 2011.
A tight telephoto detail shot of the aft section of Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) sitting on the Mobile Launcher Platform at Launch Pad 39A on July 7, 2011. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
Detail photo of the full-scale Space Shuttle replica, Explorer, mounted on concrete pilings at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex in Florida.
Detail photo of the full-scale Space Shuttle replica, Explorer, mounted on concrete pilings at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex in Florida. Displayed at KSC from 1993 to 2011, this high-fidelity mockup was later relocated to Space Center Houston and renamed Independence. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
Visitors observe the full-scale Space Shuttle replica, Explorer, mounted on concrete pilings at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex in Florida.
Visitors observe the full-scale Space Shuttle replica, Explorer, mounted on concrete pilings at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex in Florida. Displayed at KSC from 1993 to 2011, this high-fidelity mockup was later relocated to Space Center Houston and renamed Independence. © Mike Lynaugh Photography
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